Whereas in the Middle Ages the care of the sick was almost exclusively in the hands of women – women were doctors, apothecaries, and nurses in one – with the increasing foundation of universities and medical schools in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, a new organization of the status of doctors and apothecaries took place.
Conventional academic medicine, based on scientific education and oriented towards Greek and Arabic medicine, distanced itself from empirical folk medicine, taking up again the ancient tradition which was based less on practical experience and more on theoretical knowledge. This development led to the expulsion of women from the field of medical activity. Since, however, the theoretically educated doctors and apothecaries lacked practical experience, until far into the sixteenth century ill patients preferred the experienced, healing arts of women who, although excluded from scientific study, were found in all levels of society. The medicinal book of Anna Welser proves that already in the sixteenth century the dissimilarity in the medical needs of women, men, and children was understood.
A workshop on the basis of the medicinal book of Anna Welser (1560/70) including the preparation of a healing salve.
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